What is Initialization vector IV?
Initialization vector IV Definition: A non-secret binary vector used as the initializing input algorithm, or a random starting point, for the encryption of a plaintext block sequence to increase security by introducing additional cryptographic variance and to synchronize cryptographic equipment.
Understanding Initialization vector IV
A non-secret binary vector used as the initializing input algorithm, or a random starting point, for the encryption of a plaintext block sequence to increase security by introducing additional cryptographic variance and to synchronize cryptographic equipment. An initialization vector is a random or pseudo-random value used with an encryption algorithm to ensure that identical plaintext blocks encrypt to different ciphertext blocks, preventing pattern recognition. While the IV does not need to be secret, it should be unpredictable to ensure security. IV usage is specified in encryption standards like NIST SP 800-38A for block cipher modes of operation. Organizations implement secure IV handling through cryptographic libraries, ensuring IVs are randomly generated, unique for each encryption operation, and properly transmitted with encrypted data. For example, when encrypting a database using AES in CBC mode, a system would generate a unique random IV for each record, store it alongside the ciphertext, and use it during decryption to recover the original plaintext. Related terms: Cryptography, Block cipher modes, Cipher Block Chaining CBC, Nonce, Cryptographic salt, Randomization, Encryption.